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1.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 87(4): 273-278, ago. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407853

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: Tanto a nivel sudamericano como mundial, el incremento de la tasa de cesáreas electivas ha sido abrumante. Esto se considera un problema de salud pública, ya que el parto vaginal es la vía más fisiológica para el nacimiento y trae beneficios de salud para la madre y el recién nacido, tanto inmediatos como a futuro. Objetivo: Evaluar la postura de mujeres nuligestas en edad fértil acerca de las vías del parto a través de sus conocimientos, percepciones y preferencias. Método: Estudio de corte transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta a estudiantes universitarias para la recopilación de datos mediante SPSS, y análisis con prueba de diferencias de proporciones y de χ2. Resultados: 210 mujeres encuestadas. Un 80% de ellas desconoce la menor morbilidad infantil asociada a un parto vaginal, más de la mitad estima una ventaja de la cesárea que evite el dolor y un gran porcentaje desconoce los riesgos médicos asociados a la cesárea. Conclusiones: Existe un alto nivel de desconocimiento respecto a beneficios, riesgos y consecuencias de las diferentes vías del parto.


Abstract Introduction: Both in South America and worldwide, the increase in the rate of elective caesarean sections has been overwhelming. This is considered a public health problem, since vaginal delivery is the most physiological route for birth and brings health benefits for the mother and the newborn, immediately and in the future. Objective: To evaluate the position of nulliparous women of childbearing age regarding the delivery pathways through their knowledge, perceptions, and preferences. Method: Cross-sectional study with an analytical component. A survey was applied to university students for data collection through SPSS, and analysis was made with the difference of proportions and χ2 test. Results: 210 women surveyed; 80% of them are unaware of the lower infant morbidity associated with a vaginal delivery, more than a half estimate an advantage of a cesarean section that it avoids pain, and a large percentage are unaware of the medical risks associated with cesarean sections. Conclusions: There is a high level of ignorance regarding the benefits, risks and consequences of the different delivery routes.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Estudantes/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Parto Obstétrico/psicologia , Comportamento Reprodutivo/psicologia , Paridade , Percepção , Universidades , Cesárea/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores Etários , Parto/psicologia , Período Fértil
2.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 38(1): 15-21, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33844787

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Taurolidine is a molecule with anti-endotoxic, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties that inhibits bacterial adhesion, allowing for its use as lock therapy for the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in long-term central venous catheters (CVC). AIM: To report a preliminary experience, the first one in Chile, using lock therapy with taurolidine for the prevention of CRBSI and to report its efficacy. METHOD: A taurolidine-based solution was instilled in the CVC of three children with intestinal insufficiency dependent on parenteral nutrition, attended in a Chilean tertiary hospital, and the rate of CRBSI before and after its use was compared in retrospect. RESULTS: In the two patients who started lock therapy immediately after the installation of their CVC, the rate of CRBSI was brought to zero, whereas in the third patient, who had a 9 months-old CVC with a recurrent CRBSI history, an intercurrent CRBSI forced discontinuation of the prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: Lock therapy with a taurolidine-based solution prevented CRBSIs when it was begun immediately after installing the CVC, in contrast with an old CVC with a history of recurrent CRBSIs.


Assuntos
Bacteriemia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter , Cateterismo Venoso Central , Tiadiazinas , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Criança , Chile , Humanos , Lactente , Taurina/análogos & derivados , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Tiadiazinas/uso terapêutico
3.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 38(1): 15-21, feb. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388199

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Taurolidina es una molécula con propiedades anti-endotóxicas, antimicrobianas y anti-inflamatorias, que inhibe la adhesión bacteriana, lo que ha permitido usarla como terapia de sellado en catéter venoso central de larga duración (CVC) para prevenir infecciones del torrente sanguíneo asociadas a CVC (ITS-CVC). OBJETIVO: Dar a conocer una experiencia preliminar, la primera en Chile, con taurolidina como terapia de sellado para prevenir ITS-CVC y reportar su eficacia. MÉTODO: Se instiló una solución en base a taurolidina en el CVC de tres niños con insuficiencia intestinal, dependientes de alimentación parenteral, atendidos en un hospital terciario de la Región de Valparaíso, y se comparó la tasa de ITS-CVC antes y después de su uso mediante un análisis retrospectivo. RESULTADOS: en los dos pacientes que iniciaron terapia de sellado inmediatamente después de instalado el CVC, la tasa de ITS-CVC se logró llevar a cero, mientras que, en el tercero, portador de un CVC instalado 9 meses antes, con ITS-CVC recurrentes, un nuevo episodio de ITS-CVC obligó a suspender la profilaxis. CONCLUSIONES: La terapia de sellado con solución en base a taurolidina previno las ITS-CVC cuando ésta se inició al momento de instalarse el CVC, no así en un CVC antiguo con ITS-CVC recurrentes.


BACKGROUND: Taurolidine is a molecule with anti-endotoxic, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties that inhibits bacterial adhesion, allowing for its use as lock therapy for the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in long-term central venous catheters (CVC). AIM: To report a preliminary experience, the first one in Chile, using lock therapy with taurolidine for the prevention of CRBSI and to report its efficacy. METHOD: A taurolidine-based solution was instilled in the CVC of three children with intestinal insufficiency dependent on parenteral nutrition, attended in a Chilean tertiary hospital, and the rate of CRBSI before and after its use was compared in retrospect. RESULTS: In the two patients who started lock therapy immediately after the installation of their CVC, the rate of CRBSI was brought to zero, whereas in the third patient, who had a 9 months-old CVC with a recurrent CRBSI history, an intercurrent CRBSI forced discontinuation of the prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: Lock therapy with a taurolidine-based solution prevented CRBSIs when it was begun immediately after installing the CVC, in contrast with an old CVC with a history of recurrent CRBSIs.


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Criança , Tiadiazinas , Cateterismo Venoso Central , Bacteriemia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter , Taurina/análogos & derivados , Tiadiazinas/uso terapêutico , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Chile , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Centros de Atenção Terciária
4.
Rev Chil Pediatr ; 88(5): 662-667, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29546954

RESUMO

Congenital diarrheas correspond to a severe and low frequency digestive disease, with a high mortality. They start a few days or months after birth, leading to intestinal insufficiency and dependence on parenteral nutrition. It must be highly suspected in newborns or infants with diarrhea and severe electrolyte disorders. The diagnosis is based on clinical, endoscopic, histologic and eventually genetic findings. Treatment is supportive with intensive correction of electrolyte imbalances as well as parenteral nutrition. OBJECTIVE: To present a case report of congenital diarrhea identified as microvillous inclusion disease presenting in the neonatal period. CASE REPORT: Male patient currently 3 years of age, son of consanguineous parents. At 10 days of age presents a severe secretory diarrhea, requiring treatment in a critical care unit and parenteral nutrition. Initially he also presented with Fanconi syndrome, which improved afterwards. The suspicion of congenital microvillous inclusion was confirmed later by optic and electronic microscopy, and inmunohistochemistry. A succesful evolution was later achieved maintaining home parenteral nutrition after discharge. CONCLUSION: We present the first known case in Chile of congenital diarrhea due to microvillous inclusión disease and his evolution.


Assuntos
Diarreia/congênito , Síndromes de Malabsorção/diagnóstico , Microvilosidades/patologia , Mucolipidoses/diagnóstico , Pré-Escolar , Chile , Diarreia/etiologia , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Síndromes de Malabsorção/complicações , Masculino , Mucolipidoses/complicações , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
5.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(5): 662-667, 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-900033

RESUMO

Las diarreas congénitas son patologías graves de baja frecuencia y alta mortalidad. Se manifiestan durante los primeros días o meses de vida con severa diarrea, generando insuficiencia intestinal y dependencia de nutrición parenteral. Se debe sospechar ante un recién nacido o lactante con pérdidas masivas hidroelectrolíticas, y se diagnostican utilizando parámetros clínicos, endoscópicos, histológicos y eventualmente genéticos. El tratamiento es de soporte, con reposición hidroelectrolítica intensa y nutricional. OBJETIVO: Presentar un caso de diarrea congénita, identificada como Enfermedad por Inclusión Microvellositaria, de presentación neonatal. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente varón edad actual 3 años, hijo de padres consanguíneos, quien debutó a los 10 días de vida con diarrea secretora severa, requiriendo ingreso a unidad de paciente crítico y nutrición parenteral permanente. Inicialmente además con síndrome de Fanconi, que luego se recupera. Se confirmó la sospecha de Enfermedad de Inclusión Microvellositaria utilizando microscopia óptica, electrónica e inmunohistoquímica. Se obtuvo una favorable evolución utilizando nutrición parenteral total (NPT) a domicilio. CONCLUSIONES: Se presenta el primer caso conocido en Chile de un paciente con diarrea congénita por inclusión microvellositaria manejado y su evolución.


Congenital diarrheas correspond to a severe and low frequency digestive disease, with a high mortality. They start a few days or months after birth, leading to intestinal insufficiency and dependence on parenteral nutrition. It must be highly suspected in newborns or infants with diarrhea and severe electrolyte disorders. The diagnosis is based on clinical, endoscopic, histologic and eventually genetic findings. Treatment is supportive with intensive correction of electrolyte imbalances as well as parenteral nutrition. OBJECTIVE: To present a case report of congenital diarrhea identified as microvillous inclusion disease presenting in the neonatal period. CASE REPORT: Male patient currently 3 years of age, son of consanguineous parents. At 10 days of age presents a severe secretory diarrhea, requiring treatment in a critical care unit and parenteral nutrition. Initially he also presented with Fanconi syndrome, which improved afterwards. The suspicion of congenital microvillous inclusion was confirmed later by optic and electronic microscopy, and inmunohistochemistry. A succesful evolution was later achieved maintaining home parenteral nutrition after discharge. CONCLUSION: We present the first known case in Chile of congenital diarrhea due to microvillous inclusión disease and his evolution.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/congênito , Síndromes de Malabsorção/diagnóstico , Microvilosidades/patologia , Mucolipidoses/diagnóstico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Chile , Progressão da Doença , Diarreia/etiologia , Síndromes de Malabsorção/complicações , Mucolipidoses/complicações
7.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 12(4): 259-265, 2001. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-317444

RESUMO

Los atributos del médico en su práctica profesional han sido definidos como virtudes de alto valor moral y ético. Sin embargo, éstas representan la perspectiva de los propios médicos respecto a sus pares. Mediante un estudio de encuesta a 104 pacientes adultos con patología quirúrgica no cancerosa, en etapa de diagnóstico se objetivó características deseables en el médico tratante desde el punto de vista del paciente, en relación a ciertas características personales y comunicacionales. El 56 por ciento de la muestra manifestó su opción por médicos con un rango etario definido y de ellos, el 90 por ciento lo prefiere entre 35 y 50 años. Más del 95 por ciento atribuye gran importancia a la seguridad del médico en sí mismo y a la capacidad de escuchar atentamente al paciente y de explicar detalladamente a éste su enfermedad y posibles tratamientos. El 83 por ciento le asignó gran importancia a la presentación personal y de ellos, el 56 por ciento prioriza el aseo personal por sobre el tipo de vestuario o el uso de delantal blanco. Menor importancia se atribuye a la simpatía y la puntualidad. Los pacientes prefieren la seguridad en sí mismo y la capacidad de comunicación como las variables más importantes en su relación con el médico


Assuntos
Humanos , Assistência ao Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Médicos/tendências , Relações Médico-Paciente , Prática Profissional/tendências , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde/métodos , Determinação de Necessidades de Cuidados de Saúde/tendências , Satisfação do Paciente
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